Understanding Meningitis
Meningitis is an infection of the meninges (the protective membrane) that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. When inflamed, swollen meninges due to infection occurs. The nervous system and the brain can be damaged in some cases. Three meningitis symptoms that warrant concern are fever, headache, and stiff neck.
Meningitis in Indonesia
Data meningitis in Indonesia there is no right for cases of meningitis are often mistaken for other diseases or infections. Judging from the rate of fatal meningitis disease, this disease should be wary of and should not be taken lightly.
Since 2002, is an obligation for those who wish to perform the pilgrimage to first receive the meningitis vaccination. This step is required by the government of Saudi Arabia to minimize the outbreak of meningitis among the pilgrims. Vaccination is usually done one month before the scheduled flight.
Meningitis Symptoms Occur in Children
This disease often affects infants and children, but people of all ages can suffer from meningitis as well. Signs that occur in children are:
Meningitis in Indonesia
Data meningitis in Indonesia there is no right for cases of meningitis are often mistaken for other diseases or infections. Judging from the rate of fatal meningitis disease, this disease should be wary of and should not be taken lightly.
Since 2002, is an obligation for those who wish to perform the pilgrimage to first receive the meningitis vaccination. This step is required by the government of Saudi Arabia to minimize the outbreak of meningitis among the pilgrims. Vaccination is usually done one month before the scheduled flight.
Meningitis Symptoms Occur in Children
This disease often affects infants and children, but people of all ages can suffer from meningitis as well. Signs that occur in children are:
- They may feel anxious, but do not want to be touched
- High fever with cold hands and feet
- Crying continuously
- Looks confused and less responsive
- Some children will easily drowsy and difficult to wake
- Maybe there is a red rash that does not disappear when the glass rolled out with a little pressed on it
The symptoms of meningitis that occurs in children greater and adults, include:
- Vomiting
- Severe headache
- Stiff neck
- High fever with a temperature of 38 ° C or more
- Rapid breathing
- Sensitive to light or photophobia
- Skin rash in the form of red spots scattered (does not happen to everyone)
- It is possible that not everyone will experience all of the symptoms above. Seek medical attention immediately if you notice symptoms of meningitis occur in children.
In general, there are two types of meningitis:
Bacterial meningitis, caused by bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis or Streptococcus pneumoniae and spread through close contact
Viral meningitis, caused by a virus that can be spread through coughing, sneezing and unhygienic environment
Definition of bacterial meningitis
Bacterial meningitis infection is not treated it can cause severe brain damage and infect the blood (septicemia). Bacterial meningitis is a very serious disease and it is considered as an emergency medical condition. Cases of bacterial meningitis infections afflict many babies under the age of one year, although the adolescents aged 15 to 19 years also can be infected with bacterial meningitis.
Understanding Meningitis Virus
Viral meningitis is more common in children. It is the most common type of meningitis and bacterial meningitis are not as bad. Symptoms of meningitis have in common with flu symptoms. That is why most people misinterpret meningitis as the common flu. It is difficult to determine the number of patients with meningitis due to the similarities.
Emergency Treatment and Diagnosis of Meningitis
If you are suspected of having meningitis, treatment should begin as soon as possible, even before the diagnosis because it is very dangerous to delay treatment. Some tests may take several hours to get the results. The doctor will perform a physical examination to look for signs of meningitis or septicemia (blood infection), for example, to find out if there is a rash of meningitis. Several other tests are also performed to confirm the diagnosis.
The diagnosis of meningitis is difficult because the symptoms appear suddenly and are similar to flu symptoms. Advised to seek immediate medical attention if you see the symptoms of meningitis, especially if it occurs in children. You may have to go to the emergency room (ER) nearest hospital whenever the symptoms appear. Do not wait for the appearance of a purple rash because not all patients with meningitis have a rash on his body.
Meningitis Treatment Steps
Conditions of viral meningitis patients will usually improve within a few weeks. Handling of meningitis can be done with lots of rest and drink painkillers for headaches. While the treatment of meningitis in patients with bacterial meningitis, can be treated with antibiotics or medicines to treat infections caused by bacteria. Care needs to be done in the hospital. For more severe cases, it is recommended admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) so that the body's vital functions can be closely monitored.
Meningococcal disease is a combination of meningitis and septicemia. One out of ten cases of meningococcal disease leads to death. Decades ago, nearly everyone who suffer from bacterial meningitis will die. Now the only deaths caused by septicemia (blood infection). There are 25 percent of all patients will develop complications of meningitis, such as hearing loss after exposure to bacterial meningitis.
Disease Meningitis Vaccination
In Indonesia, there are two types of meningitis vaccine, the meningococcal vaccine and meningococcal vaccine conjugate polysakarida. Polysakarida meningococcal vaccine can be given for any age and is able to provide protection for 90-95 percent. For children under the age of 5 years, this vaccine can last 1-3 years. As for the adults will protect for 3-5 years. For mengingokokus conjugate vaccine only to the age of 11-55 years. BPOM suggests that individuals aged 11-55 years doing this conjugate meningitis vaccination program.
The best way to prevent meningitis is to receive vaccinations available. But because it is arguably rare, meningitis vaccination has not been included in the mandatory vaccine schedule in Indonesia.
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